Estudios Internacionales

China in Chilean political cartoons (1959-1972). Representations of a rebel international actor

Nicolás Valenzuela Paterakis, Pablo Lacoste Gargantini, Carlos Celedón Acevedo — Sun, 29 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This paper examines the representations of China in Chilean cartoons during the critical period of the Cold War, from the Sino-Soviet tensions in the late 1950s to the strategic rapprochement between China and the United States (1972), through four Chilean media outlets with diverse ideological orientations: Topaze, El Siglo, El Mercurio and Diario Ilustrado. The cartoons published in these newspapers are approached from two axes: the characterization of one of the most important actors in the Cold War and its role in the international system. The first one deals with analyzing how the People's Republic of China was portrayed in order to characterize the main symbols, references and topics used. The second one investigates the role assigned to it in the international context and its impact on national and regional politics. It is noted that, along with the predictable alignment of the media with the warring sides and the concerns of the Cold War, there was a properly Chilean interpretation that, however, reproduced an orientalist and anti-communist vision, as was common at that time.

The illusion of neutrality: science diplomacy and the international debate on sustainable development

Raúl Orozco-Magana — Sun, 29 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Studies on science diplomacy have argued that incorporating the values of science (rationality, transparency and universality) into diplomatic activity helps to generate consensus through the neutrality of science-based arguments. However, recently a critical vision has appeared against this position and considers that there is an illusion of neutrality in science diplomacy by ignoring that countries actually seek to defend their own interests and that science diplomacy actually becomes a means to promote their own agenda disguised with scientific arguments. In this context, it is pertinent to review the trajectory of studies on science diplomacy and confront these two positions with an empirical reference, in this case the international debate on sustainable development, in order to understand the implications of this discussion.

Intergovernmental relations around international-regional management: an approach to the Chilean experience of governance

Cristian Ovando Santana, Mariano Álvarez — Sun, 29 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This paper, focused on a unitary state, addresses the competencies of Chilean regions in terms of international insertion through an approach that emphasizes multiple mediations, both formal and informal. Its inductive aim is to analyze the intergovernmental links that arising from Chilean foreign policy towards some of its regions. To this end, the study will examine the coordination between the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Regional International Affairs Units (URAI) within the framework of RIGs analysis. The analysis is drawn from workshops, questionnaires, and direct interviews with both bodies. Among the findings, it is argued that the URAIs operate in highly diverse ways, with efforts that often go beyond the international sphere and a shifting position within the regional framework.

Recruitment of agents for the center of government in right-wing governments in Argentina, Uruguay, Chile and Peru: a comparative analysis

Hugo Jofré — Sun, 29 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This work analyzes the recruitment patterns of agents for the center of government (CoG) in right-wing governments in: Argentina, Uruguay, Chile, and Peru. We study the way in which the CoG is organized in each country and we seek to identify whether there are any changes in the nomination patterns of this type of agents based on the ideology of the government studied. The cases studied have similarities and differences, highlighting the different levels of institutionalization of the party system and the different levels of electoral strength of their right-wing parties. With information from 150 appointments in the four countries, we developed a descriptive analysis of the main characteristics of these agents. We find that the institutionalization of the party system plays a relevant role in the presence of independents and technocrats in the CoG, although it is difficult to draw conclusions from the ideological dimension of the governments.

Women's right to a life free of violence. Regional and Chilean comparison based on reports to the MESECVI

Tatiana Rein Venegas — Sun, 29 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This article carries out an evaluation of the State of progress and compliance of Chile with the obligations contracted within the framework of the Convention of Belém do Pará, carrying out a joint review of the regional situation. The data analyzed includes Chile's reports to the Convention Follow-up Mechanism, the hemispheric reports of the Third Evaluation Round, as well as the recommendations made by the Committee of Experts of the Mechanism. Rights are considered in principle and in policy, which has made it possible to identify the country's progress in terms of its response to violence against women, such as having specific legislation and a national plan, but especially the aspects of improvement, such as the incorporation of an intersectional approach, increasing the budget for this area or improving the training of judicial personnel.

Revisionism, triangles and duels: the paradoxical implicit theory in Martin Wight

Hugo Harvey-Valdés, Javier Castro Arcos — Sun, 29 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This article examines the theoretical legacy of Martin Wight and his impact on the discipline of International Relations, with a particular focus on his association with the English School. Despite criticisms of the ES for its alleged Eurocentrism and lack of theoretical rigor, Wight enriched the analysis of international politics through an approach that integrated historical, philosophical, and ethical perspectives. Although Wight shied away from any association with the positivist approaches of IR, he developed constructs that aligned with all the requirements expected of an international theory, proposing an analytical framework for understanding the coexistence of conflict and cooperation in a changing international system. This work highlights the importance of revaluing Wight's contributions to enrich IR, emphasizing the need to explore his implicit contributions to revitalize the discipline and address the contemporary dynamics of the international system.