Revista Historia y Patrimonio

Cristian Campos, Frank Vicencio, Miguel Román y Janina Guerrero. Fragmentos. Iconografía minera en Tamaya. Fondo Nacional del Patrimonio Cultural, 2023

2024-02-15T16:22:49+00:00

Natalia Jorquera Silva. Patrimonio chileno construido en tierra. Santiago, Ediciones ARQ, 2022. 221 págs.

2024-10-28T05:18:42+00:00

Geologic-mining heritage in El Volcán, San José de Maipo (Chile): Its mining history valorization

2024-08-27T15:48:09+00:00

San José de Maipo has a rich mining history, with a significant part of it concentrated in El Volcán village, at least since 1842, due to copper mining, and later also gypsum mining. Both industries populated and industrialized the village and its surrounding area. Although this activity declined since 1958 and came to a complete halt in 2006, the mining industry took root in the village. Given its vocation to tourism, and the need for other development poles, the aim of this work is to identify elements of cultural heritage that are of interest and value, centered in the geologic-mining activity which gave rise the settlement. To achieve this, specific methodologies for evaluating mining and geological heritage were considered, as well as the participation of the local community and evaluations and data from other studies. In the village the gypsum silo, the cooper processing plant and the cinema stand out due to their historical, economic and, in the latter, also social importance. In the surroundings, the mines stand out as vestige of history. The ensemble is representative of mining company towns, and of several technological changes in the industry.

The Symmetry Paradox: -33.504838, -70.61981

2024-08-20T15:57:34+00:00

How to intervene in a memory space that is inaccessible? How can architecture express the memory of a place used for repressive purposes? This is the case of Tres y Cuatro Álamos, a former concentration camp of the civic-military dictatorship that operated between 1974 and 1977 and, after its closure, became a juvenile detention center, preventing access and use as a site of memory.

This project is an example of how to address a common issue for memory sites in Chile: intervening in public space as if it were interior space. Through a symmetry with the perimeter wall of the complex as its axis, the project reflects outward the architectural expression of the primary bodily experiences of Tres y Cuatro Álamos.

Conceptually, the project is situated in the notion of collective memory as a key element within the identity of a group. This is defined by emotions, which the project addresses through its bodily and spatial expression. For this reason, the proposal was developed in collaboration with the community protecting the memory site, employing various strategies of participation and joint design.

Landscape, city and memory: an approach from the memorial to victims of the political repression, Chillán

2024-08-30T15:35:39+00:00

Considering that the notion of landscape in architecture is not only composed of a set of spaces and objects that can be perceived, but also involves the gaze and interpretation of the observer; and that on the other hand, said observer, who no longer assumes a merely passive role, can associate a set of evaluations, among which is a historical meaning inexorably related to memory and awareness of past events to the construction of the cultural landscape, it is interesting to wonder about the multiple ways in which the tools of architectural design can contribute to the processes of constitution of said memory and how to rescue for citizens in the current context, some layers often forgotten or buried in the scope of the landscape within of the city. Based on the analysis of a specific case, the Memorial to the Victims of Political Repression in Chillán, built in 2007, the aim is to evaluate how it has been possible to contribute to the constitution of a landscape linked to memory from the field of architectural and urban design, and on the possibilities of translating notions associated with evocation and memory, into spatial formalizations that can establish an experience of a significant nature for the community.

Mapping violence in the Chilean countryside: San Bernardo, Buin, Isla de Maipo and Paine – 1973

2024-11-08T13:15:33+00:00

A significant number of studies on landscapes of memory focus on traumatic events perpetrated by the State or other political and armed forces against specific populations. This article aims to analyze these events, understand their development and examine how they leave their marks on the territory. Cartography emerges as a key tool in this analysis, prompting the question: how can these processes be mapped? One possible approach is to establish a “field,” which encompasses and delimits the territory, while selecting significant elements to be mapped and linked, providing a basis for case analysis. This study investigates a territory spanning four communes

located in the southern sector of the Metropolitan Region of Santiago de Chile, marked by repressive episodes during the early months following the 1973 coup d’état. The mapping process involved identifying and selecting two types of elements/forces: “places” and “displacements,” which were analyzed and interrelated. The integration of these elements made it possible to visualize key aspects of the dynamics of repression, such as the scale of violent episodes, hierarchies among strategic locations, and patterns suggesting the existence of a plan for carrying out major repressive operations.

Challenges in the Management and Conservation of Contemporary Heritage: The Ruins of Villa San Luis de Las Condes

2024-09-23T19:14:08+00:00

The declaration of the ruins of Villa San Luis de Las Condes as a historical monument has presented the State with an unprecedented challenge, not only in terms of the effective legal protection of the property but also in its management and valorization as a site of memory. The current legal framework and governmental institutions have proven insufficient to lead the complex, comprehensive, and sustained process of the monument's patrimonialization. At least three areas of action require further progress: legal, technical, and political-social. The objective of this paper
is to examine some of the challenges facing the management and conservation of contemporary heritage through this case, considering its condition as disintegrated heritage and the disputes over memory it has generated. To this end, public policies that have shaped the historical trajectory of Villa San Luis, from its creation to the present, are reviewed; institutional practices related to its management and conservation are problematized from the perspective of critical heritage theory; and some exploratory and open alternatives are proposed to address the challenges posed by the patrimonialization of these ruins.

Reconciling memory: Heritage interpretation study on the 'La estrella' Memorial, Hualpén, Chile

2024-11-12T12:29:42+00:00

In the current post-dictatorship scenario, following the principle of symbolic reconciliation, memory sites arise emerging from the transformations in their use and meaning, reflecting the memorialization policies of the dictatorship period in Chile (1973-1990). After being founded by collectives and then institutionalized, memorials are created fulfilling an important symbolic role; however, these often go unnoticed by users. The main inquiry is if these memorials achieve their main purpose: do they effectively convey the memories of the dictatorship? This emphasizes the interpretative dimension of the memorials, which must be evaluated based on how their physical and symbolic characteristics communicate the past.

The essence of these spaces lies in their ability to evoke memory and history through their tangible presence, encouraging reflection on what happened. The objective of the research is to analyze the strategies used for interpretation in the “La estrella” memorial in Hualpén, along with the visibility and recognition by users. To reach this goal, a phenomenological investigation based on perception studies is be carried out, allowing an understanding of the qualities presented by memory sites and how they communicate the memories of the dictatorship.

Uses, values and senses of heritage space of Valparaíso under the context of the Social Uprising

2024-11-11T22:06:29+00:00

This article addresses the crises of representation of the official heritage spaces of Valparaíso under the context of the social outbreak. Its general objective is to analyze the tensions and disputes around the uses, values and meanings of these spaces, regarding its category of World Heritage Site, maintaining as a hypothesis that even before its UNESCO declaration, the city had become a space for negotiating memories and identities where the hegemonic spatio-temporal relationship of heritage is broken, generating other representations of it. In methodological terms, a qualitative analysis will be carried out based on the critical review of scientific articles on heritage and news from different digital media, whether newspapers and/or communications areas of university institutions or similar that address the social outbreak and its repercussions in Valparaíso. The results show the importance of the historiographic and critical variables to the representations of heritage in space, which contain the modification of the aesthetics of the city, the differentiated valuation of people with respect to that of the institutionality and the degradation of an image that is actually the support of a delegitimized political and ideological proposal.

Memory and urban heritage transition in the post-dictatorial city. The case of the Sitio de Memoria ex Fuerte El Morro

2024-08-23T14:49:57+00:00

During the political transition from the end of the dictatorship to the return of democracy, there were social changes and processes, among which the emergence
of memory, driven by human rights organizations, stands out. In this context, after the dictatorship, heritage began to acquire a new character, leading to the development of human rights and memory heritage. This evoked counter-narratives and produced a change in the way heritage had been understood before the return to democracy, both in the valuation of new attributes and in the inclusion of civil society as a promoter in the requests for patrimonialization.

In this context, the present article seeks to analyze how memory, through its uses and functions in the production of space, plays a role in the transition over urban heritage in the post-dictatorial city, with the Sitio de Memoria ex Fuerte El Morro, in the commune of Talcahuano, as a case study. It is argued that the declaration of El Morro as a historical monument represents a re-signification of the space, which has shifted from being a non-place to becoming a site of memory, a transition understood within the context of difficult heritage.

The heritage processes of memory sites in Chile, 1996 to the present

2024-11-08T13:25:15+00:00

The article addresses a particular type of heritage, in which sites linked to the violation of human rights are recovered and protected under the National Monuments Law No. 17,288 in the category of Historical Monuments. Firstly, a description of the heritage policies from 1996 to the present is developed, reflecting on the main characteristics (actors, devices, agencies). Next, the impact and contribution of said model of protection of memory sites the conservation of the memory of the places is described, as are the main problems and disagreements between heritage policy, management —and its scope—, and the future of these spaces. This opens the question about the consequences of dematerialization of heritage memory sites, presenting the main challenges that exist in the management and preservation of Historical Monuments in the face of their inevitable condition of ruin and destruction. Finally, the case of the Ex Balneario Popular Rocas de Santo Domingo memory site is presented as a case study.

Memory in Ayacucho as a dissonant heritage: social agency and tensions after the internal armed conflict

2024-11-07T13:45:56+00:00

The memories of the internal armed conflict in Peru, despite the ongoing and tense debates surrounding the issue, remain an unresolved matter for the families of those who were kidnapped, detained, and disappeared. These demands have transcended public spaces, gained relevance and adapting to the political context, serving as a mechanism for social reclamation and transitional justice.

In Ayacucho, the Peruvian city that was most affected by the conflict, the recent memories are manifested through the appropriation of places and territories, revealing a profound cultural backdrop. The forms of memory in this region not only reflect the past but also enrich the cultural heritage with an additional layer of value derived from collective memory. This approach, still relatively unexplored, opens new pathways for understanding how the memories of conflict contribute to the construction and valorization of cultural heritage in the region.

The goal of the study is to identify how recent memory constructs a layer of heritage valuation, such as the Plaza Mayor in Ayacucho. Qualitative methodologies were employed to describe the practices and manifestations of the community, serving as an initial record that includes both historical background and current impact.

Places of Memory: Critical Perspectives on Cultural Heritage

2024-12-23T16:29:57+00:00