https://monitoraraucano.uchile.cl/index.php/RMAD <p>MAD is a biannual electronic publication sponsored by the Master in Systemic Analysis Applied to Society, belonging to the Faculty of Social Sciences of the University of Chile. The journal publishes original scientific papers in social sciences, research advances, essays, book reviews, and translations, in which perspectives and approaches related to social systems theory, sociocybernetics, and systemic socio-constructivism are applied. </p> es-ES <p>Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following conditions:</p> <ul class="unIndentedList"> <li class="show">Authors retain the copyright and give to the journal right of first publication under <a title="Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)</a> that allows third parties to use the published work making reference to the author or authors and the publication in this journal.</li> </ul> hcadenas@uchile.cl (Dr. Hugo Cadenas) ccalabrano@uchile.cl (Dirección de Servicios de Información y Bibliotecas (SISIB)) Wed, 18 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000 OJS 3.3.0.8 http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss 60 https://monitoraraucano.uchile.cl/index.php/RMAD/article/view/77112 Our title harks back to Frederick W. Taylor’s influential book. But our identification of the principles of algorithmic management is certainly not advocacy. Our task in this essay is to develop a theory of algorithmic management in relation to fundamental changes in the shape and structure of organization in the 21st Century that are reconfiguring boundaries, roles, and relations among managers, workers, engineers, professionals, consumers, and other user categories. In particular, such a theory must be attentive to transformations in the topology of organization. Today, many of the most valuable actors, assets, and activities are not located within the firm but involve a complex entanglement of information flows, practices, and users. This topology gives rise to a distinctive challenge: how to manage when the most valuable assets and activities are not in the firm? Whereas actors in hierarchies command, in markets they contract, and in networks collaborate, on platforms they are co-opted. The co-optation of actors, assets, and activities is undertaken by algorithmic management. To grasp the distinctive principles of algorithmic management, we compare and contrast the features of its ideology and practices with those of scientific management and the more recent collaborative form of management. Algorithmic management, we argue, operates within a different organizational form, articulates a different ideology, and addresses different managerial problems with different governance principles along different lines of accountability. David Stark, Pieter Vanden Broeck Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 https://monitoraraucano.uchile.cl/index.php/RMAD/article/view/77112 Wed, 18 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000 https://monitoraraucano.uchile.cl/index.php/RMAD/article/view/77113 In the book Social Systems, Niklas Luhmann announces a paradigm shift within system theory which determines his whole work and –according to the author– implies considerable consequences for sociology. In this book, the bricks of a new theoretical architecture, which finally ought to drive sociology off of its insecurity and instability, should finally be constituted. At the core is the matter about a re-establishment of sociology; a discipline that according to Luhmann is in a theoretical crisis which leads it again and again to the classics of sociology and must be reoriented by its refoundation. Luhmann's claim to a new foundation of sociology is anchored in a radical break with the tradition, whose description potential would be already exhausted. But is Luhmann able to break with the sociological classics and to re-found sociology? In order to answer this leading question, both the conceptual apparatus of his sociological system theory and its internal striving for a new foundation of this discipline are analyzed. Based on that, it will be possible to speak of a kind of sociological gesture that places Luhmann's theory on the path of continuity within sociological history. Rafael Alvear Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 https://monitoraraucano.uchile.cl/index.php/RMAD/article/view/77113 Wed, 18 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000 https://monitoraraucano.uchile.cl/index.php/RMAD/article/view/77114 In the work The Law of Society, Niklas Luhmann argued that the structural coupling of the Legal and Political subsystems is realized by means of the Constitution, as well as that the structural coupling between the Legal and Economic subsystems is realized by means of the contract or private property; however, the review of the concept of regulation and the identification of its legal core suggests that, unlike Luhmann's proposal, regulation is the main structural coupling between the legal subsystem and all other social subsystems, as it serves as communication between the subsystems without altering their differentiation, autonomy in their autopoiesis, codes and self-reference. Based on this precision, law should be considered in all interdisciplinary studies with systemic epistemology, because law, when regulating, is coupled to each social subsystem. Juan José Franco-Cuervo Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 https://monitoraraucano.uchile.cl/index.php/RMAD/article/view/77114 Wed, 18 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000 https://monitoraraucano.uchile.cl/index.php/RMAD/article/view/77115 Trust has been considered in several studies as a central element for intra-organizational operation through its professional teams and superiors in different work environments, including the private sector and public services. However, in some cases, the best way to observe it is through subjective interactional relations within the organization. The following article proposes a different conceptual model, which looks at the problem of trust as a functional decision of organizational systems and not only through the interaction relationships between subjects in them. We mapped how intra-organizational trust has been conceptualized to identify its critical knots in some of its main attributes or dimensions (1). Then, some functional trust outlines are presented to understand its turn at the intra-organizational level (2). This conceptual proposal is relevant for organizational studies since it will focus on analyzing the problem of trust/distrust in the decisional and functional processes at the level of teams and managers. César Mariñez, Esteban Cofré, Johanna Madrigal Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 https://monitoraraucano.uchile.cl/index.php/RMAD/article/view/77115 Wed, 18 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000 https://monitoraraucano.uchile.cl/index.php/RMAD/article/view/77116 The research that will be developed throughout this text will seek, through a theoretical comparison between the historical processes of the Raramuri indigenous communities in Mexico and the Mapuche communities settled in the Araucanía of Chile and, from the perspective of Niklas Luhmann's systems logic, to investigate the possible causes that sustain the differences and similarities in terms of the formation and use of different repertoires and forms of protest in relation to the issues of indigenous representation and political participation. In the background will be those protests that refer to the issue of cultural identity as a central element that gives shape to the constitution of the “indigenous subject” as a political actor. In this sense, the research will find out about the existence of a relationship between the choice of forms through which the protest is structured and the themes that give content to it. Thus, the research presented here revolves around the possible answers to the questions: What are the possible reasons that have led the Rarámuri and the Mapuche to take the path of respect for the human rights of the original cultures and peoples in order to achieve political representation and participation within the democratic state system?, and; What are the possible causes that encourage both indigenous groups to privilege certain forms through which to manifest their protest? Julio Gerardo Quiroz Gómez Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 https://monitoraraucano.uchile.cl/index.php/RMAD/article/view/77116 Wed, 18 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000 https://monitoraraucano.uchile.cl/index.php/RMAD/article/view/77117 The political and military characteristics of the Ejercito de Liberación Nacional (ELN) have made it difficult to reach a negotiated solution to the conflict. This situation has arisen due to the inability of the Guerrilla Group and the National Government to communicate effectively. As the background of these actors is the Catholic Church, whose position constantly shifts. The novelty of this study lies in identifying emerging political-military interactions between the ELN and the Colombian government through the application of Systems Theory to complex systems. To achieve this, the relationships developed between 1965 and 1973 have been analyzed to detect the interactions that occurred during the early stages of the guerrilla group. This study enhances understanding of the armed conflict and relations with the ELN, offering a complementary perspective from Systems Theory that could inform strategies for future dialogues with the ELN. Francesco Mancuso, Luisa Fernanda García Vargas, María Camila Martínez Torres Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 https://monitoraraucano.uchile.cl/index.php/RMAD/article/view/77117 Wed, 18 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000 https://monitoraraucano.uchile.cl/index.php/RMAD/article/view/77118 Originally, "cultural shock" referred to the impact on the health of newly arrived immigrant individuals. However, this concept has been debated for its explanatory power regarding culture, particularly the ethical limits of the "shock" notion in perpetuating stigmas. In contrast to the idea of cultural shock, this article aims to introduce the category of moral panic to analyze the case of Haitian migration in Chile. Through 41 interviews with individuals of Haitian and Chilean nationality, we analyze the criteria for constructing moral panic and argue for the differences in frames and social contexts regarding childhood. We conclude on its potential as an empirical category to reproduce new forms of racism while, theoretically, necessitating the dismantling of notions of culture and nation. Daniela Poblete Godoy Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 https://monitoraraucano.uchile.cl/index.php/RMAD/article/view/77118 Wed, 18 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000 https://monitoraraucano.uchile.cl/index.php/RMAD/article/view/77120 The study of tourism in the second half of the twentieth century focuses on systemic thinking, exposing it as a structure composed of different components that interact with each other and allow it to be explained from the social field. Niklas Luhmann's Functional Systems Theory enables the analysis of tourism as a form of structural coupling between the different functional systems that make up the societal system, to which are added emerging situations such as the pandemic derived from covid-19; therefore, it is established that the function that tourism and pandemic fulfill within society, falls in the form of a means of structural and operational coupling between functional systems. Derived from the second-order observation based on a documentary review, the emergence of emerging forms of communication related to tourism from the economic, political and medical systems is shown. Trends such as virtual tours from the internet of things, eco-friendly tourism, slow travel, bleisure travel, among others, make manifest the importance that emerging events such as the most recent pandemic, maintain in the reconfiguration of the tourism sector in the so-called new normality. Mario Alberto Enríquez Martínez, Diana Vázquez Ramírez Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 https://monitoraraucano.uchile.cl/index.php/RMAD/article/view/77120 Wed, 18 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000 https://monitoraraucano.uchile.cl/index.php/RMAD/article/view/77121 This research advance analyzes the Finnish educational system, being education in Finland one of the most successful, thanks to the figure of the welfare state that influences its culture, ethics, conditions of equity and inclusion. From the theoretical-analytical framework of the General Theory of Social Systems, it is explained how the Finnish educational system operates and how it has been programmed. It is concluded that every social system cannot avoid exclusion and inequality when operating, but it can be programmed to diminish the differences that occur, something that Finland has done successfully. Elia Gutiérrez Martínez Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 https://monitoraraucano.uchile.cl/index.php/RMAD/article/view/77121 Wed, 18 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000