Revista de Urbanismo

Geographies of the Provision Metropolitan Social Housing in Medellín (2002-2020)

2024-07-23T14:38:19+00:00

In the last two decades, the management model for the provision of social housing in Colombia has changed within the framework of a neoliberal urban regime with spatial implications at a metropolitan scale. The objective is to analyze the geographies of the provision of social housing in Medellín and its metropolitan environment within the framework of the public policies of the neoliberal urban regime. Methodologically, it is developed through three phases, a theoretical review of the change of urban regime going from a developmental regime to a neoliberal one, the identification of the legal-technical framework that governs the provision of social housing in Colombia, and finally, a characterization of the structuring processes of a new neoliberal urban regime in terms of the provision of social housing in the metropolitan environment of Medellín, contrasting the public policies of housing provision with the geographies produced by them with the building activity. The results show how new geographies of social housing provision have been produced in the last two decades, with the management model prevailing on each property basis and the growth of urbanization on a regional scale.

Women’s attitudes towards electromobility

2024-10-28T12:46:03+00:00

This article explores the relationship between gender and electromobility in Santiago, Chile, through a survey focusing on how women adopt electric mobility practices in a carbon neutrality context. The primary aim is to understand women's attitudes toward electromobility and their willingness to shift their transportation habits toward more sustainable modes. The methodology includes a telephone survey of adult women in four municipalities of the Santiago Metropolitan Region: La Pintana, San Miguel, Ñuñoa, and Las Condes, exploring their experiences and perceptions of different electric transport modes. The results reveal a predominant use of the subway (metro train), which is already an electric mode. Regarding other electric modes, although there is general awareness of the environmental benefits of electromobility, the adoption of electric vehicles and e-bikes is conditioned by economic, social, and infrastructure factors. Women in lower-income municipalities are highly willing to adopt electric modes only if economic and accessibility barriers are overcome. The findings highlight the need for inclusive and equitable policies that promote electric mobility, address existing inequalities in access to technologies, and improve user safety perceptions.

The bicycle in Local Planning Instruments of Santiago de Chile

2024-09-23T15:09:39+00:00

This manuscript analyzes how the bicycle is treated by different local planning and management instruments (IPTL) in the city of Santiago. To this end, we analyzed the Communal Regulatory Plans, Community Development Plans (PLADECO), Investment Plans in Mobility Infrastructure and Public Space (PIIMEP), and other instruments, of the 35 capital communes (74 instruments), which were grouped into six functional zones. Firstly, the appearance of the words bicycle (s) and cycle path (s) was recorded. Then, the initiatives aiming at encouraging or regulating cycling were classified into six dimensions (regulations, safety and dissemination, financing, infrastructure, citizen participation and plans). Finally, the communes with the most initiatives to promote cycling and the presence of bicycles in their IPTL were identified. The results show important differences in the initiatives to promote cycling by area, with the central east having the most initiatives and recent instruments. In turn, the most frequent initiatives refer to infrastructure and plans, while the least frequent initiatives refer to regulatory incentives. Finally, the three communes that give the greatest importance to bicycles in their IPTL are the communes of Providencia, Renca and Vitacura.

Urban Environment Factors and Neighborhood Satisfaction: Differences Between the Capital and the Interior of Paraná

2024-08-19T18:47:06+00:00

Neighborhoods and cities must be designed with a focus on residents, and the importance of understanding their needs for urban planning is growing. Satisfaction with the urban environment has been studied without considering cities' size, when certain neighborhoodrelated factors are analyzed. Therefore, this study investigates the differences between individuals who live in the capital of Paraná (Curitiba), and those who live in the interior of the State, in relation to the urban environment aspects. A sample of 282 respondents was collected through a questionnaire, and the data were analyzed using descriptive and multivariate statistics. Among other aspects, the satisfaction of Curitiba residents with the neighborhood is influenced by good commerce and green areas. For interior residents, satisfaction is more related to appearance. Still, the study highlights the importance of prioritizing alternative means of transport, such as walking.

Perception of Safety, Gender and Transportation Environments: The Case of Cuauhtémoc Metro Station, Monterrey

2024-07-01T14:04:51+00:00

Although the perception of insecurity is affected by the interaction of various factors, during the last decades, environmental criminology studies have stressed physical and spatial factors' impact on it. Perceptions of insecurity play a determining role in people's mobility, particularly affecting women. This study explores the impacts of the built environment of metro stations on the perception of insecurity of female users and how these influence mobility decisions in cities, using the Cuauhtémoc metro station in Monterrey as a case study. A qualitative methodology was used, “self photography”, in which a characterization of the elements is carried out based on the photographs and interviews with the participants to understand how these elements could be modified and positively impact the women's experience. The conclusions analyze the implications of the results in terms of urban design and public space policies.

Urban Planning and Accessibility: Key Factors in the Processes of Intensification in Residential Verticalization

2024-07-22T15:04:10+00:00

In the last 20 years, high-rise housing has become the main way in which real estate development has been expressed in Chile. The pre-existing urban deregulation in terms of housing policy and the flexibility in regulatory guidelines triggered an explosive process of verticalization and a negative perception in the population, who have rejected high-rise projects, exerting pressure on municipalities to modify their regulatory plans (PRC) and restrict verticalization. This article is based on the study of 10 municipalities with the highest residential vertical housing development in the main Chilean metropolitan areas (Santiago, Valparaíso, and Concepción) from 2002 to 2021. The methodology is based on characterizing the role of municipal urban planning and accessibility to public transport in residential verticalization. The results show two trends related to territorial planning instruments linked to access to public transport. The discussion focuses on two findings: 1. Intensification of residential verticalization linked to changes to the PRC, 2. Intensification of residential verticalization unrelated to modifications to the PRC. It is found that in the planning processes, processes of vertical intensity are triggered that are averse to what has been proposed.

The Ecosystemic Potential of the Modern Housing Landscape in the Context of Climate Emergency:Analysis of ten CORVI Housing Complexes in Santiago de Chile

2024-08-19T18:46:26+00:00

When observing the city of Santiago de Chile using a surface temperature index during the hottest days of recent summers, it is striking that numerous housing complexes of the former CORVI housing corporation appear as islands of lower temperature in relation to their immediate context. This phenomenon is observed in complexes of different sizes, located in different sectors of the capital city, and always next to intermunicipal avenues. In this sense, the hypothesis of why it occurs results from a combination of three factors: 1) he way the blocks are grouped;2) the large areas of permeable soil immediately surrounding them.; and 3) the continuity of their green spaces.

Through a reading of satellite images, spectral classification models, and surface soil temperature (LST) index, ten CORVI housing complexes made up of isolated blocks in eight municipalities in Santiago are analyzed. The findings show that the correlation between urban morphology, permeable soil, continuous vegetation, and lower temperatures reveals an essential instrumental value that the open spaces of the CORVI housing complexes have in the context of climate change. Therefore, their preservation depends partly on their valorization from an ecological perspective.

El resplandor petrolero: evolución de las zonas de extracción petrolera en el Ecuador a través de la luminosidad nocturna

2024-09-23T15:48:10+00:00

Este artículo tiene como objetivo evaluar el impacto —al que a menudo se le presta una atención limitada— de la luz artificial emitida por las infraestructuras asociadas a las plantas de extracción de petróleo desde el año 2012 al 2019, y que están localizadas en la región amazónica, uno de los lugares con mayor biodiversidad en el mundo. La principal fuente de información utilizada es la serie de imágenes satelitales nocturnas VIIRS. La contribución de esta investigación consiste no solo en el análisis de la contaminación lumínica, sino que también presenta un método para el uso de estas imágenes. El análisis se ha centrado en uno de los principales países productores de petróleo de América Latina: Ecuador. De acuerdo con los resultados, existe una cierta relación entre la evolución de la luz y el volumen de producción de crudo, aunque la luz crece a un ritmo mucho mayor que el volumen de producción. Asimismo, se observa que los altos niveles de resplandor de las áreas petroleras provocan impactos de luminosidad comparables a los generados por algunas de las principales ciudades ecuatorianas. Por tanto, el planteamiento de este estudio contribuye a mostrar cómo la evolución del consumo de petróleo impacta en territorios no artificializados y con ecosistemas naturales de gran importancia biológica. Los resultados obtenidos buscan generar un debate sobre las condiciones que generan las actividades extractivistas en el hábitat donde se ubican, y también expresar el potencial que ofrece la fuente y la metodología utilizada.

Territorialization-Deterritorialization of Rural Space: The Case of Residential Colonization in the Province of Chacabuco (1980-2020)

2024-07-22T18:46:02+00:00

This research analyzes the factors and scope of residential colonization of rural space in the province of Chacabuco, Metropolitan Region of Santiago, Chile, between 1980 and 2020. To this end, it recognizes dynamics associated with the commodification of land and water, the historical and legal background of the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet, and the limited state control and planning in the real estate business since the 1990s. The methodology combines qualitative and quantitative techniques, including documentary review, satellite image analysis, and building classification. The results show that urbanization processes in the Chacabuco countryside have led to a decrease in arable land, changes in rural practices, a deficit in the provision of infrastructure and (public) services, and more significant fragmentation and socio-spatial segregation. The research reveals that residential colonization in Chacabuco has significantly transformed rural areas over the last four decades, creating tension between competing interests and uncontrolled, market-driven expansion. The role of the State as a deregulator and the lack of planning have exacerbated the situation. Improvements in land use planning are proposed, including greater regional autonomy, data updating, and protection of peri-urban areas.

Spatial typologies of integration between wetlands and public space:The case of the Vasco Da Gama Wetland, Hualpén, Chile

2024-09-09T17:54:55+00:00

In the Metropolitan Area of Concepción, urban expansion has undermined the ecological integrity of urban wetlands by encapsulating and disintegrating them from their surroundings, affecting, in turn, their social value. This study is presented as a fundamental tool for linking these urban problems and understanding their interactions jointly and systemically according to the geographical conditions in which they are located. The objective is to analyze the spatial, environmental and social integration between the public space and the Vasco Da Gama wetland, to locate priority areas for public investment. A qualitative approach methodology is used to analyze spatial integration, first through Space Syntax and, second, through interviews with key actors based on observable variables in public space. The results propose different typologies of integration that vary according to their conformation according to the interactions of spatial, social and environmental variables. These allow showing specific areas to improve the integration of wetlands into public space through public investment projects and identifying good urban design practices. Thus, the study investigates integration from its multifunctionality, more than mere physical proximity, and is in wetlands inserted in the urban fabric.